Real-World Variability. What Affects Range?
The WLTP test is performed in controlled test conditions to provide customers with the ability to see a like-for-like comparison. In the real world, as with petrol or diesel vehicles, there are multiple factors that influence and impact range performance:
Environmental Factors
- Temperature outside and inside -Extreme cold or hot temperatures affect battery cell chemistry. EV
Batteries need help to operate at an optimum temperature. Either cooling or heating the car while
driving uses energy from the high voltage battery. Maintaining a consistent cabin temperature is more
efficient than regularly turning the climate control on and off again. - Road terrain and surface quality -Braking downhill provides the opportunity to recharge the battery
via regenerative braking. Driving uphill requires more energy. Using the Low (L) position on the electronic
transmission selector provides an increased level of deceleration when you lift off the accelerator pedal.
You can use (L) at all times if desired, but it is designed to improve drivability and efficiency while
descending hills. For Mustang Mach-E, selecting (L) does not have any effect if one pedal drive
is activated
- Poor weather conditions - In addition to temperature levels, driving in windy or adverse weather
conditions like heavy rain or snow can have a negative impact on the range. Driving into a strong headwind
will negatively impact range performance.
Vehicle
- Battery Health - You can increase the longevity of your high voltage battery by using the Departure
Times feature. This can keep your battery at the optimal temperature and state of charge based on your
settings and usage. Allowing your battery to cool before charging and setting the maximum state of
charge to 90% for everyday usage improves the longevity of your high voltage battery. Storing your vehicle
in temperatures between 0°C and 45°C is the most beneficial for the high voltage battery. You can also
increase the battery life by maintaining your state of charge below 100%. When you park your vehicle
for an extended period of 30 days or more, we recommend your battery be at an approximately 50%
state of charge. Storing your vehicle’s high voltage battery at higher states of charge is less favourable
than storing it at lower states of charge.
- Vehicle Maintenance - Following the guidance on service intervals can ensure that the brake fluid
level and coolant concentration remain in line with Ford’s recommendations. For Mustang Mach-E,
enabling automatic Ford Power-Up Software Updates within the SYNC 4A system will ensure that the
vehicle’s software is kept up to date for optimal performance
- Tyre Condition - Tyre quality and either over or under-inflated tyres can affect performance – just like a
petrol or diesel vehicle. Uneven wear on tyres can have an effect on range and this should be checked by
an authorised Ford dealer to ensure wheel alignment is correct.
Driving
- Driving Style - Fast acceleration and maintaining higher speeds above 50 mph consume
more energy. Smoother acceleration and braking are key to achieving the best range. The One Pedal
Drive feature on Mustang Mach-E is designed to maximise regenerative braking.
- Payload - Transporting more weight in the form of heavy cargo or multiple passengers results in greater
energy consumption. The more aerodynamic the vehicle, the less drag it has. Towing a trailer or, for
Kuga PHEV, carrying a roof rack will impact range performance just as it does on a petrol or
diesel vehicle.
- Use of accessories - Use of electrical sockets and accessories within the vehicle, like charging your
mobile device also consumes energy from the high-voltage battery.